Denver's 10 Oldest Landmarks
Every one of these buildings was standing before Colorado became a state in 1876. From a log stage stop built in the gold rush year to a Second Empire mansion that signaled Denver's ambitions — these are the oldest surviving designated landmarks in the city.
Plan Your Visit by Location
LoDo / Blake St — Walkable
4 landmarks
- →Barney Ford Building (1863)
- →Constitution Hall (1865)
- →Wells Fargo Building (1874)
- →Crawford Building (1875)
Larimer Square — Walkable
2 landmarks
- →Gallup-Stanbury Building (1873)
- →Kettle Building (1873)
Residential / Driving Tour
4 landmarks
- →Four Mile House (1859)
- →Henri Foster House (1874)
- →Eugene Field House (1875)
- →Bosler House (c.1875)
All 10 Pre-Statehood Landmarks
Ordered chronologically. Color-coded by era: amber = pioneer (1859–1862), orange = brick era (1863–1872), stone = Victorian (1873–1875).
Four Mile House
Denver's oldest standing structure — a log stage stop that predates Colorado statehood by 17 years, now a living history museum.
Barney Ford Building
An escaped slave built this brick commercial building in 1863 and ran one of Denver's most integrated restaurants.
Constitution Hall
The hall where 39 delegates wrote the Colorado Constitution in August 1876 — demolished for a parking lot.
Gallup-Stanbury Building
One of Larimer Square's anchor buildings — a dry goods store turned saloon that survived Denver's urban renewal era.
Kettle Building
Denver's first building with no independent side walls — party-wall construction that became the standard for dense commercial blocks.
Wells Fargo Building
One of the few surviving Gothic Revival commercial buildings in Denver — pointed arches on a gold-handling express office.
Henri Foster House
Built by the developer who platted the Town of Highlands — the demo home from which Denver's first streetcar suburb was sold.
Eugene Field House
Associated with the children's poet who wrote 'Wynken, Blynken, and Nod' during his 1881–1883 Denver years.
Bosler House
Accumulated $560,000 in preservation fines before a coalition rescued it — the most dramatic landmark case in Denver history.
Crawford Building
Denver's finest Second Empire facade — a Mansard-roofed statement of Eastern sophistication built in a frontier city.
Landmark Stories
Detailed histories of each landmark — architecture, notable people, and visiting information.
The Crawford Building: Denver's Finest Second Empire Façade (1875)
Built in 1875, the Crawford Building at 1600 Glenarm Place is the finest surviving example of Second Empire commercial architecture in Denver — a Mansard-roofed statement of Eastern sophistication planted in a frontier city that was determined to project confidence.
The Gallup-Stanbury Building: Frontier Art and Bar Tabs (1873)
Built in 1873 on Denver's oldest commercial street, the Gallup-Stanbury Building anchors Larimer Square — the historic district that preservationist Dana Crawford saved from demolition in the 1960s for $1 million.
The Kettle Building: Denver's First Building With No Side Walls (1873)
Built in 1873 on Larimer Street, the Kettle Building pioneered party-wall construction in Denver — a method where both side walls are shared with neighbors. It's a small but historically significant piece of how Denver's dense downtown fabric was assembled.
Four Mile House: Denver's Oldest Standing Structure (1859)
Built in 1859 as a stage stop four miles from Denver's land office, Four Mile House is the oldest surviving structure in the Denver area — a log-and-frame frontier inn that still operates as a living history museum in today's Four Mile Historic Park.
The Bosler House: $560,000 in Fines and a Heroic Restoration (c.1875)
Built around 1875 on Gaylord Street, the Bosler House sat vacant and deteriorating for decades until the fines for landmark violations reached $560,000 — one of the largest preservation fine cases in Denver history. A preservation coalition then rescued it.
The Henri Foster House: Highland's Founding Father's Home (1874)
Built in 1874 by Henri Foster — the developer who platted the original Town of Highlands — this Italianate Victorian at 3445 West 32nd Avenue is one of the oldest surviving structures in Denver's Highland neighborhood, and the home from which Foster sold the neighborhood's earliest lots.
The Wells Fargo Building: Gothic Arches on the Frontier (1874)
Built in 1874 at 1338 15th Street, this Wells Fargo express office is one of the few surviving examples of Gothic Revival commercial architecture in Denver — pointed arches on a frontier money house, chosen to project the solidity of a cathedral.
The Barney Ford Building: An Escaped Slave's Brick Monument (1863)
Barney L. Ford arrived in Denver having escaped slavery via the Underground Railroad. By 1863, he had built a brick commercial building on Blake Street that housed one of Denver's finest restaurants — serving Black and white diners at the same table when most of the city was segregated.
The Eugene Field House: A Children's Poet and Mint Robbery Bullet Holes (1875)
Eugene Field — the poet who wrote 'Wynken, Blynken, and Nod' — lived in Denver from 1881 to 1883, editing the Denver Tribune and writing poetry. The 1875 house associated with his Denver years has a legend attached: bullet holes in the exterior woodwork, reportedly from a robbery near the Denver Mint.
Constitution Hall: Where Colorado Became a State (1865)
In August 1876, 39 delegates gathered in a modest building at 14th and Blake Streets to write the Colorado State Constitution. The Centennial State was born in Constitution Hall — which was later demolished for a parking lot.
Denver in the Pre-Statehood Era
Denver Landmark vs. National Register — What's the Difference?
Denver Historic Landmark designation provides local legal protection under the city's 1967 Landmark Preservation Ordinance. Owners of designated structures must obtain approval from the Denver Landmark Preservation Commission (LPC) before altering or demolishing the property. Violation results in fines — the Bosler House famously accumulated $560,000 in fines before a restoration agreement was reached.
National Register of Historic Places listing (federal) is largely honorary for privately owned structures. It provides access to historic preservation tax credits and can make a property eligible for grant funding, but it does not prevent alteration or demolition by a private owner. Several of Denver's oldest landmarks have both designations; others have only one.
View All Denver Landmarks on the MapSelf-Guided Tour Routes
LoDo / Blake Street Walking Tour
Start at Union Station — 5-minute walk
- → Barney Ford Building (1514 Blake St)
- → Constitution Hall marker (14th & Blake)
- → Wells Fargo Building (1338 15th St)
- → Crawford Building (1600 Glenarm Pl)
Larimer Square Walking Tour
1400 block of Larimer Street — walk from LoDo
- → Gallup-Stanbury Building (1426 Larimer)
- → Kettle Building (1433 Larimer)
Best combined with the LoDo tour — walk down Larimer from Union Station.
Residential Driving Tour
Car or rideshare recommended
- → Four Mile House — 715 S. Forest St (museum)
- → Henri Foster House — 3445 W. 32nd Ave (exterior)
- → Eugene Field House — 715 S. Franklin St
- → Bosler House — 1649 Gaylord St (exterior)
Explore More Denver History
Denver's Oldest Landmarks — FAQ
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